Canadian universities offer IT programs that help students master programming languages and learn the basics of computer programming. High-ranked institutions of higher education that feature face-to-face education and a selection of specialized courses are the University of British Columbia, University of Waterloo, and University of Toronto.

University of British Columbia

The Department of Computer Science at UBC offers degree programs with a focus on programming and computing to help students develop their computational thinking. Students explore concepts and topics in areas such as software construction, systematic program design, and relational databases. The selection of specialized courses ranges from internet computing and functional and logic programming to computational optimization and machine learning and data mining. Students also learn about human computer interaction, information visualization, and artificial intelligence.

University of Waterloo

The Cheriton School of Computer Science also offers several IT degree programs, including Software Engineering, Computing and Financial Management, and Computer Science. Students enrolled in Software Engineering master engineering and IT practices and principles as to develop and design software. The main focus of the program is on hardware and software. Students enrolled in the Computer Science program mainly focus on software and choose from courses such as designing functional programs, introduction to computer usage, and data types and structures. Students who choose the double degree in Business Administration and Computer Science gain understanding of both finance and marketing and programing, algorithms, and software. They learn basic business concepts and fundamentals in areas such as risk management, human resource management, accounting, brand communication, and supply chain management. The selection of business administration courses includes business analysis, management of financial institutions, and high-tech marketing. Students also cover a range of IT topics such as parallel and concurrent programming, neural networks, and software design and architecture.

University of Toronto

The University of Toronto offers specialist, minor, and major programs and several streams or specialist areas – Software Engineering, Information Systems, Health Infomatics, and Entrepreneurship. Students who opt for the Information Systems stream explore topics in artificial intelligence, computer graphics, data management systems, and numerical analysis. Another option is the Comprehensive stream to learn how to apply practical and theoretical IT concepts across different fields. Computer Science students across different streams are offered a wide selection of courses such as operating systems, introduction to software engineering, and engineering large software systems. They learn about computer organization, software design, database system technology, and programming on the Web. Admission prerequisites for undergraduate students include English, Calculus & Vectors, and Advanced Functions. In addition to specialist areas, a co-op option and Honors Bachelor of Science are also offered by the Department of Computer and Mathematical Sciences.

Entry-level positions for graduates include mobile app developer, database administrator, product designer, and IT consultant. They find employment with e-commerce services, insurance suppliers, and e-learning firms. Other employers for new graduates include:

• Telecommunications providers • Engineering consulting firms • Financial services • Software publishers • Universities • Computer web design firms • High tech manufacturers

Students who wish to enroll in a graduate program can choose from a variety of options such as Financial Engineering, Bioinformatics, Biomedical Engineering, and Computer Engineering. They are also encouraged to get involved with associations such as the Computing Technology Industry Association and National Research Institute for Information Technology.

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IT Infrastructure Design

Designing is a major step in the development of an information technology system, the main components of which include data storage, an operating system, networking, software, and hardware. A high-performing infrastructure ensures that data is safe and secure from viruses and malware and servers work without any data loss or downtime.

Components

The main components of IT infrastructure are software, hardware, and networking components. Hardware refers to equipment such as switches, routers, personal computers, datacenters, and servers. Software includes a variety of applications that companies use, including OS, content management systems, and web servers. Networking components are also essential in that they enable the communication between external and internal systems. The key elements of a network are hardware, security and firewalls, network enablement, and connectivity.

Types

With that in mind, there are three types of infrastructure – hyperconverged, cloud, and traditional. The latter refers to infrastructure that is managed onsite, including components such as data storage and datacenters. It is more expensive to own and operate as it requires more physical space and equipment. Cloud infrastructure is used for cloud computing and includes network and abstracted resources, hardware, and storage. It requires hardware components such as servers, backup devices, storage arrays, load balancers, firewalls, routers, and switches. Storage refers to data that is securely stored, indexed, and backed up so that it can be retrieved in case of failure of some of the components. There is also a virtual network that requires equipment such as routers and switches. One option to incorporate cloud infrastructure is to rent it from а provider such as Microsoft, IBM, Google, Amazon, or Alibaba. The hyperconverged infrastructure is a third type that involves a single interface to manage multiple resources, including data storage and networking. The main components include networking, storage, hypervisor, and virtual machines.

Types of Infrastructure Management

Infrastructure management allows businesses to control functions that enable a variety of technical operations, thus minimizing downtime. It can be subdivided into different structures such as storage, network, and systems management which are responsible for energy consumption, network utilization, storage, capacity planning and monitoring, wired and wireless network operations, and virtual and physical resources. The main types of infrastructure management include virtualization, cloud, OS, API, configuration, IT automation, and IT operations. The latter refers to the design and optimization of repetitive business processes to reduce the risk of error, lower operational costs, and enhance productivity. The goal of IT automation is to develop processes and instructions as to perform tasks that are otherwise carried out by staff. Different management systems offer multiple capabilities for mobile and remote access, standard protocols support, cloud and virtual support, and threshold value remediation and alerts. Other capabilities include reporting and trend analysis, allocation of resources, and monitoring of components such as firewalls, VPNs, switches, and routers. Resource forecasting and capacity optimization are also important functions, along with detection of possible errors and malfunctions.